All music therapists have at least a baccalaureate degree in music therapy from a university program accredited by the American Music Therapy Association. A music therapy curriculum includes coursework in music, psychology, science (including biology and anatomy), special education, and music therapy. Following coursework completion, students finish 1040 hours of clinical training during a six-month internship at an approved music therapy internship site.

After the internship and all coursework are complete, the music therapist must pass a national board certification exam administered by the Certification Board for Music Therapy. After passing the exam, the music therapist earns the credential MT-BC (Board-Certified Music Therapist). A MT-BC credential remains active only if the music therapist completes 100 hours of continuing education every five years.

Although a postgraduate degree is not required, many colleges and universities offer Masters and Doctorale degrees in music therapy.

Additionally, Neurosong music therapists have specialized training in Neurologic Music Therapy. After undergoing an intensive 4-day training learning the clinical treatment techniques and understanding the theoretical and scientific knowledge underlying NMT, music therapists earn the certification NMT (Neurologic Music Therapist). After successful completion of the Advanced Training in Neurologic Music Therapy within three years, the NMT earns the designation of Fellow of the Academy, which signifies continuing education and peer review in clinical applications of NMT.